Archive for January, 2010

ASUHAN KEPETAWATAN KLIEN DENGAN TYPHUS ABDOMINALIS

Pengertian :
Typhus abdominalis merupakan infeksi sistemik yang disebabkan oleh kuman SalmonellaTyphosa, Salmonella Paratyphi A, B da C. yang menyerang usus halus khususnya daerah illeum. Penyakit ini termasuk penyakit tropik yang sangat berhubungan erat dengan kebersihan perseorangan dan lingkungan. Dapat dengan mudah berpindah ke orang lain melalui Fecal Oral, artinya kuman Salmonella yang ada pada pada feses penderita atau karier mengkontaminasi makanan atau minuman orang sehat.

Penyebab
Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh kuman :
a. Salmonella Typhosa
b. Salmonella Paratyphi A, B dan C
Kuman Salmonella termasuk golongan bakteri berbentuk batang, gram negatif mempunyai flagel yang memungkinkan kuman ini dapat bergerak, tidak berspora serta mempunyai tiga antigen ,yaitu :
a. Antigen O (HgO) : antigen pada bagian Soma
b. Antigen H (AgH) : antigen pada bagian flagel
c. antigen Vi (AgVi) : antigen pada bagian kapsul. Read more…

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN KLIEN DENGAN GASTRO ENTERITIS (GE)

GASTRO ENTERITIS (GE)

A. Pengertian
Diare adalah suatu keadaan bertambahnya kekerapan dan keenceran buang air besar. Kekerapan yang masih di anggap normal adalah sekitar 1-3 kali dan banyaknya 200-250 gram sehari. Beberapa kasus klien mengalami peningkatan kekerapan dan kenceran buang air besar walaupun jumlahnya kurang dari 250 mg dalam kuraun waktu sehari (Soeparman 1990).

B. Faktor pencetus timbulnya diare
1. a. Pengurangan atau penghambatan ion-ion.
b. Perangsangan dan sekresi aktif ion-ion pada usus (Secretory diarrhea)
2. Terdapatnya zat yang sukar diabsorbsi atau cairan dengan tekanan osmotik yang tinggi pada usus(obat pencahar/ lansansia)
3. Perubahan pergerakan dinding usus. Read more…

Recent Issue in Indonesian Nursing Society (Tantangan Keperawatan 2010)

By: Ferry Efendi
Nurses across the country are pushing for the government and the House of Representatives to speed up deliberation of the Nursing Practice Bill, which is to recognize this profession as a main component in the national health system (The Jakarta Post, 2009). The purpose of the bill is to clarify the rights and duties of nurses.
The author believes that nurses have the right to a safe work environment, to practice in a manner that assures the provision of safe care through adherence to professional standards and ethical practice, and to advocate freely for themselves and their patients.
The draft bill was submitted to the House in 2005 and has since been revised 20 times.
Indonesia is still implementing the Ministry of Health Decree No. 1239/2001 as a legal basis for nurses’ jobs. However, the decree is not sufficiently clear in defining nurses’ rights and duties; this has resulted in misunderstanding and misperception of nurses jobs. In fact, nurses’ legal position is not protected adequately. Evidently, nurses in East Java, West Java and Central Java have been detained by authorities or harassed by locals for providing emergency assistance, which they believed that only doctors could do. In fact, the decree states nurses are allowed to give medical treatment if they have approval from the doctors in charge. However, the majority of people still believe (misbelieve actually) that all medical treatments, even as simple as giving injections should be done by doctors and only doctors. Read more…